The Python Data Model & Memory

Memory, Reference Counting & slots

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How CPython Manages Memory: Reference Counting

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IN THIS LESSON

YOU’RE LEARNING TO

↗explain CPython's reference counting mechanism and when it fails

↗describe the cyclic garbage collector and the objects it handles

↗measure object memory usage with sys.getsizeof and understand its limits

↗explain small-int and string interning as CPython optimizations

↗implement __slots__ to reduce per-instance memory and speed up attribute access

↗use weakref to hold references without preventing garbage collection